In the Mexican State of Guanajuato, there is no homogeneous and certain information among state agencies, municipalities, and planning instruments in environmental and territorial planning matters, since there is no census that condenses the information of the 46 municipalities with elements related to sustainability. It can be said that the main e•ects on sustainability, derived from the construction industry, are classi ed into those that are merely environ mental, and those derived from territorial planning.

Environmental

• Brick industry

• Banks of stone material

Land use planning

• Land use changes

Keywords: Sustainability, Environment, Brick Kiln, Stone Material Bench, Land Use, Regulations

This chapter aims to analyze the social struggle that gave rise to the agrarian distribution in the Mexican Republic and in the State of Mexico, which began in 1915 at the beginning of the twentieth century, and continues until 2022 in the twenty-first century, more than 100 years of a long process of land distribution.

The purpose of this research is to determine how the distribution of land owned by a few oligarchic families was carried out to be distributed among peasant families, and how it changed from an oligarchy to a democracy in terms of land ownership.

This was done through the analysis of official data obtained from: the 1910 Population Census of the United Mexican States; the 1930 Agricultural and Livestock Census; the 1935 and 1940 Ejido Censuses; the 1960 and 1970 Agricultural, Livestock and Ejido Censuses; and the 2007 Agricultural Census; all of them carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Inegi) and its predecessors.

The period of the present study is from 1915 to 2007 due to the fact that on January 6, 1915 the Agrarian Law was enacted, which laid the foundations for land distribution, at the beginning said distribution was characterized by its disorganization and lack of regulation, however, in 1992 the Program for the Certification of Ejido Rights and Land Titling (Procede) was created as an instrument that the government implemented for the regularization of social property, which culminated in 2006 (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, 2022 and Registro Agrario Nacional, 2012). Subsequently, Inegi carried out the 2007 Agricultural Census, so the 2006 data are found in the 2007 Census, which is why 2007 was taken as the end of the period.

Key words Agrarian distribution, social struggle, oligarchy, democracy.

Para las sociedades, el emprendimiento de negocios es importante porque cumple diferentes funciones que las benefician, entre las que se incluyen la innovación y la creatividad en búsqueda de satisfacción de las necesidades de la población, mediante el surgimiento o evolución de ideas, procesos, productos y servicios; inclusive, s considera que es una opción viable de autoempleo para los jóvenes egresados de las universidades. Debido a lo anterior, es necesario conocer cómo impulsar a los integrantes de la generación millennial, también conocida como generación Y, para que desarrollen primeramente la intención de emprender. Una forma de lograrlo es por medio del autoliderazgo debido a que este proceso consiste en automotivación y autodirección, para realizar acciones que cada individuo se haya establecido para sí mismo. Mediante análisis estadísticos se identificó que existe relación positiva entre la intención de emprendimiento y algunos de los componentes de las estrategias de autoliderazgo de estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a la generación millennial.

Palabras clave: Intención de emprendimiento, autoliderazgo, comportamiento, juventud, regresión lineal múltiple.

This chapter examines the relationship between contemporary capitalist development and the current civilizational crisis characterized by environmental devastation and intensified social exploitation. Drawing on the work of Bolívar Echeverría and engaging with Marxist and dependency theory, the author analyzes how the globalization of capital has produced a paradoxical combination of technological progress and environmental destruction. Within this framework, the concept of technological rent is explored as a structural transformation of capitalism that displaces the centrality of land rent and deepens inequalities between central and peripheral economies. The text also discusses the social consequences of these processes, including the overexploitation of labor, the loss of sovereignty of nation-states, and the deterioration of living conditions for large segments of the population. Finally, the chapter reflects on the possibilities of resistance and critical thought in the face of this structural crisis, emphasizing the need to recover the notion of use value and to develop alternative forms of social organization capable of confronting the destructive logic of capital.

Keywords: capitalism, globalization, environmental devastation, technological rent, labor overexploitation, civilizational crisis.

In the Mexican State of Guanajuato, there is no homogeneous and certain information among state agencies, municipalities, and planning instruments in environmental and territorial planning matters, since there is no census that condenses the information of the 46 municipalities with elements related to sustainability.

It can be said that the main effects on sustainability, derived from the construction industry, are classified into those that are merely environmental, and those derived from territorial planning.

Environmental

• Brick industry

• Banks of Stone Material

Land use planning

• Land use changes.

Keywords: Sustainability, Environment, Brick Kiln, Stone Material Bench, Land Use, Regulations.

Este libro inicia realizando un análisis del mercado y la aplicación de equipos tecnológicos basados en la deposición por capas atómicas (Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD). En este se explican los fundamentos del ALD, resaltando su capacidad para depositar películas extremadamente uniformes gracias a reacciones químicas autolimitadas. Se describe cómo, mediante ciclos de exposición secuencial a precursores gaseosos, es posible controlar de manera precisa el espesor y la composición de la película, lo que la hace ideal para la fabricación de semiconductores y dispositivos de alta densidad. Además, se analizan las implicaciones geopolíticas de la industria de semiconductores, resaltando cómo la rivalidad entre China y Estados Unidos ha impulsado a regiones como América y Europa a diversificar sus cadenas de suministro y a apostar por tecnologías propias que garanticen la soberanía tecnológica.Continuando se presenta la técnica de depósito de películas delgadas por el método de vapores químicos de haluros metálicos (HCVD). Aquí se expone la aplicación de esta técnica para el desarrollo de celdas solares de alta eficiencia. Se explica cómo la utilización de multiuniones p–n basadas en compuestos como InGaN permite aprovechar un amplio espectro solar. Se discuten los mecanismos de nucleación y crecimiento de nitruros semiconductores en forma de nanocolumnas, lo que favorece la absorción de luz y reduce la recombinación de portadores de carga, incrementando la eficiencia de conversión. Este enfoque innovador plantea una alternativa más simple y económica frente a las estructuras convencionales que requieren múltiples aleaciones y capas.Asimismo, el libro aborda la técnica de Depósito por Vapores Químicos con Filamentos Calientes (HFCVD). Este método se utiliza para sintetizar películas delgadas de materiales basados en carbono, como grafeno, diamante y nanotubos de carbono (CNT’s). Se describe el funcionamiento de un reactor HFCVD, en el que filamentos de tungsteno o de otros metales refractarios se calientan a temperaturas superiores a 2000 °C. La elevada temperatura descompone los gases precursores, generando especies reactivas que se depositan sobre el sustrato. Se subraya la versatilidad de HFCVD, pues permite ajustar parámetros como la composición de gases, la presión y la temperatura para obtener diferentes morfologías y propiedades en los recubrimientos. Además, se mencionan las ventajas de esta técnica en la obtención de materiales con alta pureza y en la producción de películas que pueden tener aplicaciones en optoelectrónica, electrónica y biomedicina.Sobre la tecnología Sol-Gel, que ofrece un método alternativo para la síntesis de vidrios y cerámicas a bajas temperaturas. Este proceso se caracteriza por la formación de redes poliméricas a partir de precursores líquidos, que al ser sometidos a tratamientos térmicos, se transforman en sólidos con propiedades específicas. La técnica Sol-Gel es destacada por su sencillez y versatilidad, permitiendo la incorporación de dopantes y la obtención de recubrimientos con propiedades ópticas y catalíticas ajustables, lo que amplía su campo de aplicación en áreas como sensores y dispositivos protectores.A lo largo de la obra, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de un control riguroso de las condiciones de crecimiento y de la caracterización de las películas. Se detallan diversas técnicas analíticas, tales como espectroscopías (UV-visible, infrarroja, Raman), microscopías electrónicas (SEM, TEM) y difracción de rayos X, que permiten evaluar la morfología, composición y estructura cristalina de los materiales depositados. Estos métodos son fundamentales para optimizar los procesos de síntesis y asegurar que las propiedades del recubrimiento cumplan con los requisitos específicos de cada aplicación.

El libro también analiza los desafíos y oportunidades futuras en el campo de las películas delgadas. Entre los retos identificados se encuentra la escalabilidad de los procesos de deposición, la integración de técnicas avanzadas en líneas de producción industrial y la necesidad de formar recursos humanos altamente capacitados. La convergencia de esfuerzos en investigación y desarrollo, junto con la colaboración internacional y las alianzas público-privadas, se presenta como un camino estratégico para consolidar a estas tecnologías como pilares en la innovación industrial.

Finalmente, se concluye que el desarrollo de técnicas de depósito de películas delgadas, como ALD, HCVD, HFCVD y Sol-Gel, no solo ha permitido avances significativos en la fabricación de dispositivos electrónicos y energéticos, sino que también abre nuevas posibilidades en el diseño de materiales con propiedades a medida. La implementación de estos métodos contribuye a mejorar la eficiencia de dispositivos solares, la miniaturización de componentes y la integración de funciones en sistemas avanzados, marcando un hito en la evolución de la ciencia de materiales.Este compendio de estudios y experiencias, coordinado por destacados investigadores, se erige como un valioso recurso para profesionales y académicos que buscan entender y aplicar tecnologías de vanguardia en el ámbito del depósito de películas delgadas, impulsando la innovación y la competitividad en sectores estratégicos de la industria moderna

The energy requirements of socio-industrial sectors have instigated a global warming issue. Solar energy is a clean and renewable source for electricity generation, with production levels estimated in the range of Peta Watts per second (PW/s), and solar panels remain the most prevalent technology for harnessing this energy in the market. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop alternative systems for utilizing solar energy. Subsequently, this chapter introduces a Deep Learning (DL) solar thermogenerator that aims to design and simulate power generation systems that utilize the Peltier effect on semiconductor materials. An initial contribution is a physical model for the semiconductor material Bi₂Sb₁.₇Te₃. As a second contribution, an architecture of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed based on the physical properties of semiconductors, enabling optimization of the ω(T, σ, γ) and α(T) parameters to match the electrical output values of solar thermogenerators in the range of 3.7 to 42 K. The thermoelectric devices simulate the neural energy storage of H₂O and SiO₂. The results are divided into two main stages: characterization of ANN training with controlled laboratory experiments, where we propose the electric current generated by a difference of 273 to 348–363 K. We compare the results with numerical methods such as finite differences and finite volume. Finally, we train the neural network with the average temperature estimates of the reservoir, which allows us to simulate the behavior in the structure and response of the semiconductor. To summarize, the findings demonstrate that Deep Learning neural networks, when trained with the physical properties of semiconductors, enable the numerical modeling of thermogenerator behavior, thereby pioneering advances in the development of AI-assisted green energy systems.

Keywords: Deep Learning; Design; Solar energy.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la opinión de la ciudadanía local, a fin de lograr una mejora en los servicios e infraestructura para impactar en la apropiación del espacio público e incidir en el incremento de la tasa de visitantes. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Eco Parque Mil Azahares, ubicado en la ciudad de Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato, dicha zona fue reactivada en el año 2001. Además, cuenta con una extensión de 22 hectáreas, el cual se encuentra ubicado en el área natural protegida del cerro del palenque y actualmente la tasa de visitantes es de aproximadamente 160 personas a la semana, observando que la afluencia de visitantes es muy baja, por lo cual fue necesario indagar los motivos de este fenómeno. La metodología de investigación es de carácter cualitativo, mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios de manera aleatoria en una muestra de 120 personas locales. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron inferir un incremento en el interés y participación de la ciudadanía en temas de educación ambiental, conservación, reforestación, entre otras, así como la realización de actividades de participación comunitaria para fortalecer la identidad y el vínculo con el medio ambiente.

This article demonstrates that the Brothers of the Christian Schools introduced specialized Catholic Action through the model of the Catholic Student Youth (YCS) to their Mexican schools, and reconstructs the first moments of this movement in the Lasallian District of North Mexico, between 1961 -1966. To do this, use is made of the magazines La Salle en México and La Salle en México Norte, from the library of the Nuestra Señora de Lourdes Interdistrict Novitiate in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. Thus, a description is offered of the way in which the jecist groups and their guidelines were organized. Subsequently, the beginnings of specialized Lasallian Catholic Act

Insurance Telematics is a recent service that is offered to drivers where a sensing platform measures vehicle’s dynamics with the ultimate goal of inferring the level of risk that the driver experiences on the road. For this to happen, a robust set of sensors must be deployed within the vehicle and effective algorithms to process and classify driving patterns must be employed. As feasible as it looks, however, insurance telematics poses a great challenge when sensors offer information that is redundant or even show a low signal/noise ratio. The question here, then, is how to identify what sensing information is really useful and discard that one that only adds overhead. In this study we proposed an algorithmic approach, called minimal Gated Multimodal Unit (mGMU) that learns to filter out the proper amount of data from different input sources, making it an appealing choice for data fusion scenarios. We evaluate mGMU on three public multi modal (multiple sensor) datasets, created to classify driving styles, that comprise 3, 3 and 8 sensor sources. After a very extensive experimental setup that comprised around 30 different pipelines (made of feature extractors, information fusion approaches and a classification layer), results show that configurations based on mGMU obtain the best performance(with an increase of 2%withrespect thesecond best approach and even outperforming the use of AutoEncoders by 5%). Moreover, as a proof of concept we deployed mGMU on three commercial smartphones, thus showing its efficiency given the number of parameters and FLOPS that were dramatically reduced. Given these results, we expect mGMU to be of great use on resource-constrained edge computing devices and rich sensor scenarios where data from different data sources must be exploited.

Se presenta una investigación descriptiva documental sobre el marco normativo de las finanzas públicas con énfasis en las finanzas municipales del municipio de Aguascalientes, se analizan los componentes de las finanzas públicas locales, el papel del municipio en el federalismo fiscal mexicano, posteriormente se analiza e comportamiento en cuanto a recaudación de impuestos, derechos, productos, aprovechamientos locales y las participaciones federales, así como la de financiamiento del municipio de Aguascalientes en los años 2018 y 2019, datos obtenidos de las bases abiertas de consulta, se revisa la gestión, control y transparencia de las finanzas del municipio de Aguascalientes para presentar una propuesta de estrategias que permitan una mejor administración financiera en dicho municipio.

Palabras clave — Hacienda Pública, Federalismo Fiscal, Finanzas municipales, Aguascalientes

Mexico is a member of the Asia Paci c Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), the "Putrajaya 2040 Vision Perspective" is to achieve an open, dynamic, resilient and peaceful community; however, among its member countries, tariff and non-tariff restrictions and regulations are imposed. In this document, through a descriptive documentary research, we present a re ection from the legal point of view on the objective of the countervailing duties applied by Mexico. We found that the legal power to impose countervailing duties rests with the executive through the Ministry of Economy, and its objective is not collection but protection of the national industry that could be affected by the introduction of goods under dumping or subsidy.

Keywords: International Trade, Business Taxes and Subsidies, Tax Law

Micropaleontologists use the fine structures of microfossils to extract evolutionary information. These structures could not be directly observed with thenaked eye. Recently, paleontologists resort to computed tomography (CT) images to mine the information, and pursue higher resolution CT images with in-depth research. Therefore, we propose a new model, weighted super-resolution generative adversarial network (WSRGAN), for the super-resolution reconstruction of CT images. The model proposed herein (WSRGAN) obtained higher LPIPS (0.0757) on the experimental dataset, compared with Bilinear (0.4289), Bicubic (0.4166), EDSR (0.2281), WDSR (0.2640), and SRGAN (0.0815). WSRGAN meets the requirements of paleontologists for reconstructing fish microfossils. We hope that more super-resolution reconstruction methods based on deep learning could be applied to paleontology and achieve better performance.

KEYWORDS: CT image, deep learning, microfossil, super-resolution reconstruction, WSRGAN

The Mexican Constitution contemplates the obligation for companies to share the profits with their workers: the constituent considers that in this way the worker would carry out his work more efficiently and conflicts between worker and employer due to the amount of salary would disappear. However, Mexico is one of the few countries in the world that imposes this obligation on employers, we found that among the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) only Chile, France and Mexico have in their legislation. the obligation to share profits with workers. We also present an analysis of the most recent reforms to the Mexican labor legislation about the participation of workers in company profits (PTU), derived from the prohibition of outsourcing, which established a limit on the amount the workers would receive. We conclude with a practical case of a professional nature to explain the effect that the commented reform may have on the amount of PTU that a worker would receive. Keywords: Participation of workers in the company's profits - Labor subcontracting - Labor benefits - Labor Law

Human activity has created an environmental imbalance, which is reflected in climate change and resulting temperature variations, harmful levels of air quality, and more frequent and more intense meteorological phenomena, thus having significant consequences on the agricultural sector, e.g., changes in soil, climate, and water characteristics as well as in available resources for agricultural production. This paper presents an agent-based model (ABM) to evaluate the behavior of the strawberry‟s (Fragaria x ananassa) agricultural system in Veracruz, Mexico, to determine the degree of existing vulnerability through a dynamic assessment of agricultural risk. Development of the ABM allows the evaluation of variations in the active entities (critical variables of the model) to determine the factors that present a better crop yield. The research showed that temperature and precipitation are determining factors in strawberry quality, as they have a direct relationship with the growth and different phenological stages of the crop from an early age to a stage of greater maturity from the budding, flowering, and fruiting stages of the strawberry.

In this paper, wegiveacompletedescriptionoftherepresentationsofalluppertriangu

lar complex Kleinian subgroups of PSL(3,C).InToledo-Acosta (Bull Braz MathSoc New Ser20:1–45,2021), weshowthatanysolvable group is virtually triangularizable and can be constructed as the semidirect product of two layers of parabolic elements and twolayers ofloxodromicelements. Therearefivefamiliesofpurelyparabolic discrete groups of PSL(3,C (Barreraetal.in Linear Algebra Appl653:430–500, 2022),therefore, the parabolic part of any upper triangular group belongs to one of these five families. In this paper we study which loxodromic elements can be combined with the elements of the parabolic part of an upper triangular discrete subgroup of PSL(3,C) in each of these five cases. These parabolic elements impose strong restrictions on the type, and number, of loxodromic elements that can be present in the group. We show that up to conjugation, there are 16 types of upper triangular complex Kleinian groups in PSL(3,C) containing loxodromic elements.

These results are a further step towards the completion of the study of elementary discrete subgroups of PSL(3,C).

Keywords Complex Kleinian groups · Solvable groups · Upper triangular groups ·

PSL(3,C)

Actualmente en México cerca de 500 mil personas presentan una severa discapacidad visual. El aprendizaje en alumnos con baja visión o ceguera aumenta considerablemente el tiempo de adquisición del conocimiento. Atendiendo esta problemática, el desarrollo e implementación de tecnologías que permitan facilitar el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura, dirigido a personas con debilidad visual. Es un tema considerado de carácter prioritario en los Programas Nacionales Estratégicos -Conacyt, en el marco de educación inclusiva. En el ámbito de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico, se presenta una solución con la propuesta para la implementación y desarrollo de un prototipo que consiste en un sistema de lecto-escritura Braille basado en el concepto de la Inteligencia Artificial de las Cosas (AIoT). El sistema busca brindar autonomía a personas con discapacidades visuales, dando soporte como medio didáctico de aprendizaje del Braille y autonomía para los usuarios en la lectura de todo tipo de textos en formato digital. Convirtiendo el texto ordinario a un sistema de relieve táctil Braille. Además, el sistema cuenta con la capacidad de escritura, permitiendo que el usuario pueda expresar libremente sus pensamientos y dejarlos plasmados en texto ordinario utilizando Inteligencia Artificial (IA), transmitiendo la información por medio de Internet hacia una computadora.

El prototipo propuesto se basa en una matriz de relieve estructurada con 3 renglones por 2 columnas. A continuación, se muestra el orden en que se presentan dichos puntos.

1 4

2 5

3 6

Arid and semi-arid regions are vulnerable to natural disturbances and particularly, to anthropogenic climate change. In these regions, water resources are scarce, and groundwater is commonly the main source of water for municipal supply, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Groundwater overexploitation is a common issue for these regions, where overextraction, climate variability, and recharge are responsible for groundwater storage evolution. This study aims to find teleconnections through wavelet analysis between inter-annual rates of change in storage, obtained from geostatistical groundwater modeling, and climate variability. Continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet analysis, and wavelet coherence were used to analyze and characterize non-stationary patterns of variability of precipitation (PP), standardized precipitation index (SPI), minimum (Min_Temp) and maximum temperature (Max_Temp), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), the Caribbean Index (CAR), and groundwater change in storage (ΔGS) semestral time series. The results suggest significant influences of the indices on ΔGS, PP, Min_Temp, and EVI. PNA manifested an important influence in short periods (2–4 years) in all aquifers, ONI showed influence mainly over long periods (8–16 years), and CAR had influence in periods of high hurricane activities. In addition, under extreme climatic conditions (El Niño or La Niña) the higher/lower water demand increase their influence on groundwater level response creating an indirect link between climate indices and ΔGS. This research can serve as a good indicator of the climate variations behavior and can provide information to understand the regional climate effects of the ENSO phenomenon in overexploited aquifers.

The amount of retirement pensions depends on the individual savings accumulated in specialized retirement accounts, which are not only based on contributions, but also on financial decisions that, ideally, people should make from their youth. This paper analyzes the age at which young university students stated that they understood general aspects and financial concepts focused on retirement. It was studied whether the influence of parents in relation to saving, financial behavior and financial attitudes, have an impact on the age at which the students declared to understand them. Sufficient statistical evidence was found to assert that only financial attitudes do determine age.

KEYWORDS: social security pensions, parental influence, financial behavior, financial attitudes.

The main objective of the study was to determine the levels of development of didactic and organizational skills in graduate students in education, differentiating by educational program, age and sex. The design was quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive-comparative. A sample of 72 graduate students from the Virtual University of the State of Guanajuato was obtained. An instrument for sociodemographic data and the Scale of Organizational and Didactic Teaching Competencies [ESCOD] were used. The main findings identified developed levels of didactic and organizational skills, with a better assessment of organizational skills. Although no significant differences were found by sex or educational program, significant relationships were found between age and the development of didactic skills of the participants.

KEYWORDS: teaching skills, organizational skills, teacher training, postgraduate studies, Mexico

The main objective of the study was to establish the relationship between academic procrastination and emotional exhaustion, differentiating these factors according to the educational program, age and sex. The design was quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational. A sample of 71 graduate students from the Virtual University of the State of Guanajuato was obtained. The Academic Procrastination Scale and the Emotional Exhaustion Scale were used. The main findings were low levels of procrastination and intermediate levels of emotional exhaustion. Although no significant differences were found by sex or educational program, an inverse association was observed between age and academic procrastination and its factors, as well as a direct and significant relationship between procrastination and emotional exhaustion.

Keywods: emotional exhaustion, teacher training, postgraduate studies, academic procrastination, Mexico.

Objective: This paper presents an ai1alysis ofthe agroindustry in Guanajuato, Mexico, regarding the current and potential use ofthe capabilities ofResearch and Technological Development of digital transformation.

Theoretical Framework: Our Reference Framework takes concepts and theories that contrast the importance of the global economy and how the activity of the agroi.ndustrial sector contributes, contrasting the adoption of technology and innovation by these companies, national statistical data and how these technologies irnpact the efficiency and productivity of these companies.

Method: This work is developed through a rnethodological approach of action research, collecting empi.rical information through the application of a questionnaire to more than 100 companies and conducting interviews with strategic actors in the agro industrial sector of the Sta te of Guanajuato.

Results and Discussion: The findings are relevant and contribute to the state ofthe art and science, as it allows us to propose strategies that improve the competitiveness of companies in this sector, which are often behind in the adoption and use of technologies compared to industrial sectors such as amomotive, aerospace, software development. Universities can act as articulators ofthe absorption oftechnology and knowledge by companies.

Research implications: This research has limitations in its scope, since it describes only the state context, generating a line of research to contrast with the other states of the Mexican Republic.

OriginalityNalue: The original contribution of our study contributes to the description of the potential for linki.ng academics and companies, generating an impact on the increase in productivity and competitiveness of companies.

Keywords: Digital Transformation, Agribusiness, Technological and Business Competencies, Education Programs, Government Support.

This study addresses the psychosocial impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on 21st century students, a topic of growing importance in the contemporary educational context. With the integration of digital technologies in educational settings, it is crucial to understand how these tools affect students' emotional well-being, social relationships, and identity. The aim of this research is to analyze these effects through a comprehensive review of the existing literature and provide recommendations for a responsible and ethical use of AI in education.

The methodology was a systematic review of 85 academic articles indexed in Scopus, selecting relevant studies exploring the psychosocial impact of AI on students' learning, mental health, and social interactions. Through a critical analysis of the literature findings made in RStudio, significant patterns and trends were identified that reflect both the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI in the educational setting.

The main findings reveal that while AI can enhance personalization of learning and increase student motivation, it is also associated with increased levels of anxiety and social isolation. Several studies reviewed express concerns around privacy and surveillance inherent in the use of AI technologies, which negatively impacts students' willingness to actively participate in learning environments. Furthermore, unequal access to technology exacerbates these concerns, creating disparities in the educational experience.

The integration of AI in education presents both opportunities and challenges. It is essential that educators, administrators, and educational policy makers take a balanced approach that considers both the benefits and risks associated with the use of AI. This study provides a foundation for future research and practices that seek to optimize the educational experience in an increasingly digital world.

Keywords: Digital mind; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Psychological; Psychosocial; Humans.

The purpose of this work is to improve the evaluation process of the Community Tele baccalaureate of Guanajuato at UVEG through the generation and application of an evaluation model on a virtual platform. The methodological design was established as a quantitative cohort with an exploratory-descriptive approach. A representative sample of 8,708 students, 350 administrative professors, and 655 professors was taken. The evaluation instrument was applied to: students-professors, professors-administrative professor and professors-administrative professors. The results obtained show that there was a high participation response from the participants, which indicates that the evaluation model platform is intuitive and reliable with respect to the results it yields. One of the most important findings is that the evaluation model allows for a standardized evaluation, with data protection and traceability, which allows decision-making to comply with the general objective of the professors evaluation and their performance in the Community Telebaccalaureates in Guanajuato in order to guarantee and improve the quality of education by systematically and objectively evaluating the performance of the teaching staff. In conclusion, it is established that the evaluation model for the Community Telebaccalaureate in Guanajuato at UVEG tends to improve the evaluation process.

Key Words: Guanajuato Community Baccalaureate, Evaluation, Evaluation Model.

Recently, water has become a resource that generates controversy due to shortage alarms and high consumption by production companies. Making good use of water has become the main objective of government institutions. The food industry generates a large amount of wastewater, concentrating on the largest number of contaminants originating in its processes. Wastewater from the food industry is characterized by having a large amount of organic matter, especially fats and oils, as well as suspended solids. The objective of this research is to carry out a characterization of effluents generated in a wastewater treatment plant in the food sector based on Mexican and international regulations to determine whether it is reusable. This article addresses Mexico’s lag in the reuse of treated wastewater in the face of the water crisis, highlighting the urgency of adopting these practices to mitigate water scarcity. For the development of this investigation, samples were collected at the discharge point produced by the company’s effluents, followed by an evaluation of their physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and finally, it was determined that the effluent follows the regulatory standards for discharge into the city sewer but outside the range for reuse in productive processes or irrigation of green areas.

Keywords: wastewater; processes; environmental impact; water quality

Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are acoustic features, which are based on human auditory perception, focus on spectral properties and capture relevant features of the audio signal related to vocal tract shape and energy in different frequency bands. The methodology for feature extraction involves several stages. First, the audio signals go through a preprocessing stage in which they are initially normalized, then background noise is reduced, and finally, they pass through a median filter. In the next block of MFCC feature extraction, the first task was to split the audio signal into small frames. Then, a hamming window is applied to smooth the edges of each frame, and the short time Fourier transform of each frame is calculated. Next, Mel filters are applied, which adjusts the representation of the frequency spectrum to human auditory perception. Finally, cepstral coefficients are calculated from the frequency spectrum. The MFCC coefficients are then used as input features for classifiers and machine learning algorithms.

Keywords: COPD Detection, Features extraction, coefficients MFCC

In recent decades there have been changes with the use of Information and Communication Technologies in various areas, being the education sector one of which has had changes in the way the student obtains and processes information through these tools for learning, derived from this current situation, this research was conducted which aimed to analyze the challenges of integrating ICT in undergraduate students. The approach used was quantitative, with a descriptive scope for which we worked with a sample of 65 undergraduate students from the states of Guanajuato and Aguascalientes. The main results showed the following: 47.75% of the students consider that ICTs are an important element for their academic training, 40.65% consider that they almost always help them to improve their academic results, 50.8% see them as a support to complement their scientific and formative knowledge. In their learning, 30.8% solve one problem at a time, 44.6% always receive information quickly with ICT and 46.2% commonly work with more than one activity. However, they do have challenges due to lack of connectivity, restriction in the use of these tools, only used to obtain information and limited use of office tools.

Keywords: ICT, knowledge, socio-cultural paradigm

The Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms (MASC) are a tool in which the main parties involved with the support of a third party manage to build agreements regarding the problems raised. From this, the present investigation is carried out, which aims to propose the integration of the MASC as a guiding axis of the school regulations in the EMS institutions, with the purpose that when a situation arises within the educational facilities, the main people involved with the support of directors, teachers, prefecture, work social, manage to build agreements through a principle of restorative justice. The work consisted of a documentary review of the current regulations, as well as studies, research indexed in various databases such as Latindex, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar which had a relationship with the topic such as school regulations, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, mediation and conciliation. In the study it can be concluded that the MASC offer an area of opportunity to be implemented in the school regulations so that they can build agreements and thereby avoid issuing a sanction that violates the human rights of adolescents, it is noted that the The personnel involved must have primary and permanent training to be able to deal with any situation that may arise.

Keywords: School regulations; alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; mediation; conciliation

The growing pressure for quick results in university research can compromise fundamental ethical principles, such as non-maleficence and justice. Questionable practices, such as plagiarism and data manipulation, undermine the integrity of academic studies. This context requires a thorough examination of how ethical values are incorporated into research processes and the influence of institutional culture and external expectations on this practice. The lack of a unified approach to teaching ethics across various institutions and disciplines complicates the establishment of universal standards, allowing for varied interpretations of ethical codes and a permissive attitude towards ethical dilemmas. This study, based on a qualitative approach and a documentary research methodology, seeks to identify critical areas related to the ethical awareness of students and faculty. Through a systematic review of the existing literature, patterns and trends in ethical training and its application in research are analyzed. The findings reveal that the lack of adequate ethical training among students limits their ability to confront dilemmas, contributing to restricted ethical awareness and facilitating practices that negatively impact the integrity of the research process.

Keywords: Ethics in research; Ethical awareness; Questionable practices; Ethical training.

In recent years, the Mexican southeast has benefited from the country's most important development plans and projects. These have favored an increase in hotel demand, which makes it imperative to improve management and productivity in this sector. Therefore, one element to consider is the organizational climate. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of the organizational climate in workers in the hotel sector in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The research had a quantitative approach with a nonexperimental, cross-sectional, descriptive design. Data were collected with a questionnaire administered to 110 participants who responded voluntarily. The dimensions of the measurement scale were determined through an exploratory factor analysis; it validated the construct of organizational climate in three factors: remuneration, support and structure. These factors explain a total of 60.62% of the variance. To evaluate the internal structure of the scale, a confirmatory factor analysis was used that yielded satisfactory indices with respect to the goodness of fit of the model. The results indicate that more than half of the population perceives an unfavorable organizational climate; The highest percentage of disagreement was obtained by the structure dimension. It is concluded that this research provides a valid and reliable instrument for future research on the subject. It also provides data that allows measures to be taken to improve the organizational climate in the hotel sector.

Keywords: hotel sector, organizational climate, structure, support, remuneration.

The objective of this research is to make an analysis and a critical review of the syllabus of the subject Problems of Metaphysics and Ontology that is studied in the Bachelor’s Degree in Humanities at the University of Quintana Roo, in order to contribute to the improvement and updating of its syllabus and that this serves as a model for other institutions. This through an analysis and critical review of the study program by comparing it with those of seven other public universities in Mexico, through four variables: 1. Content of the units that make up the syllabus of the subject (with the sub-variables: 1.1 Form and 1.2 Background), 2. Period (in which the subject is taken), 3. Seriation (if it has a subsequent or antecedent subject), 4. Date of the Syllabus and Program of Study. The results indicate the successes and areas of opportunity of the subject under study. In conclusion, in order to improve and update the Program of Study it is necessary to integrate authors such as Aristotle and Heidegger, to indicate the date of elaboration (and the updates) of their Program of Study and to teach the subject Problems of Metaphysics and Ontology in the first phase of the course.

Keywords: Analysis, Metaphysics, Ontology, México.

This article analyzes the role of accounting education in the promotion of economic entrepreneurship, highlighting its relevance as a key tool to strengthen financial, strategic and innovation competencies in future entrepreneurs. To carry out this research, the SCOPUS database was used as the main source of information, applying an advanced search strategy that allowed the identification of 673 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025. The inclusion criteria covered documents in Spanish and English of the “article” and “review” types, guaranteeing an exhaustive and updated analysis.

The bibliometric analysis was carried out using RStudio software and the Bibliometrix tool, which made it possible to evaluate key trends, influential authors, outstanding publications and scientific collaboration networks in the subject. The results reflect an evident connection between accounting education and the strengthening of entrepreneurial skills, showing how the integration of innovative pedagogical approaches can foster the creation of new businesses, adaptation to dynamic markets and sustainable economic development. This study provides a comprehensive view that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis, offering practical implications and recommendations for improving accounting education in current educational and entrepreneurial contexts.

Keywords: Accounting education; business innovation; entrepreneurial training;

financial management; economic development.

This study examines the relationship between emotional education and academic performance, aiming to demonstrate how the development of emotional competencies in students can become a determining factor for their academic success. The importance of this research lies in highlighting that proper emotional management, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills not only strengthen personal well-being but also optimize learning processes and motivation within the educational environment. The methodology was based on a systematic review of scientific literature indexed in the Scopus database, covering a total of 135 articles addressing the influence of emotional intelligence in school contexts. Through a bibliometric analysis using the Bibliometrix and RStudio programs, trends, theoretical approaches, and empirical evidence were identified that emphasize the importance of integrating emotional education into the school curriculum. The findings reveal that students with higher emotional skills show better academic performance, greater engagement with learning, and improved interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, emotional education is presented not as a complementary alternative, but as an urgent and strategic necessity for strengthening the current educational system. Keywords: Academic Performance; Emotional Intelligence; Social Skills; Emotional

Self-Regulation.

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on financial auditing and accounting analysis, two areas that are undergoing significant transformations due to the integration of these technologies. Their importance lies in the need to analyze how technological tools optimize operational efficiency, increase accuracy in fraud and error detection, and redefine professional competencies in the financial and accounting fields. The main objective of this research is to analyze the benefits and challenges that AI and ML present in these contexts, providing an in-depth understanding of the future of auditing and accounting. The methodology consisted of a systematic review of 553 academic articles indexed in the Scopus database, focused on the subject. Through critical analysis, key patterns and trends were identified that reflect both the potential and limitations of these technologies. For bibliometric analysis, RStudio and the Bibliometrix tool were used to map the most influential academic contributions in the field. The results indicate that AI and ML offer considerable potential for optimizing auditing processes by enabling the analysis of large volumes of data in real time. However, they also pose ethical and regulatory challenges, such as over reliance on machines and the potential erosion of human professional judgment. Hence, it is essential to adopt a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of these technologies while preserving the critical role of human judgment.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; financial auditing; accounting analysis.

Objective: To design and implement a B-Learning workshop aimed at enhancing digital competencies among teachers at the Escuela Superior de Enfermería y Obstetricia (ESEO) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), utilizing Moodle as the primary platform to integrate ICT into pedagogical practices. Theoretical Framework: Grounded in constructivism, connectivism, and meaningful learning theories, the study highlights the role of active, networked, and context-based learning in professional development. The DIGCOMP framework guided the identification of critical areas for digital competency improvement. Method: A qualitative research-action approach was adopted, involving a heterogeneous sample of teachers with varied experience and familiarity with ICT. Instruments included reflective journals and participatory observation. The ADDIE instructional model structured the workshop in three phases: digital communication, Blogger for content creation, and Google Drive for collaboration. Research Implications: The study underscores the need for training programs that address both technical skills and attitudes toward ICT. It offers a replicable model for fostering professionalization and improving teaching quality through innovative practices. Originality/Value: This research contributes to literature by proposing a scalable and adaptable B-Learning model tailored to specific needs, promoting the integration of ICT in higher education and establishing a precedent for future studies.

Keywords: Teacher Digital Competencies, B-Learning, ICT, Moodle, ADDIE Model.

The accelerated pace of technology and the search for academic training has generated the use of videoconferences in virtual teaching as a meeting space for learning, since it promotes interaction and communication between teachers and students and can be a space of motivation for those who opt for this type of study. The immersion of ICT in education has generated a question that is not easy to resolve, since much is questioned if quality learning is achieved in the virtual modality. This particular study intends to know the perspective of online students on the virtual sessions in the contribution of their learning, of the UVEG degree in Pedagogy, specifically in the subject of didactics. The survey was used as a data collection instrument for a small sample of students. Among the topics that are addressed are in relation to the virtual sessions, if they participate in them, if they help in their learning, how they promote it and which aspects they consider relevant for their inclusion in these meetings.

Key words: educational technology, multimedia teaching, educational video, active learning.

Active learning in mathematics is an educational methodology focused on students' direct participation and collaboration in the learning process. Through strategies such as small group work, guided discussions, and practical exercises, students are able to explore mathematical concepts, apply knowledge to real-world situations, and develop critical thinking skills.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different active learning methodologies—such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and collaborative work—on the promotion of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in mathematics. Additionally, the research analyzes how these strategies influence students' academic performance, motivation, and participation, as well as teachers’ perceptions of their effectiveness.

The study uses a narrative review methodological approach, analyzing research available in academic databases such as Latindex, Scielo, Dialnet, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that active learning methodologies positively influence the development of critical thinking and mathematical problem-solving skills, leading to improvements in students’ academic performance and their ability to apply mathematical concepts in practical contexts.

Keywords: Software; Accounting; Education; Strategy; Management; Heuristics

In today's society, there has been a growth in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), with this it can be seen that, based on the sociocultural paradigm, there is a constant interaction between the subject, the object and the sociocultural environment, with this it can be identified as a latent need to analyze the changes that have occurred in the educational process, and with this verify that in the face of these technologies a correct scaffolding is generated between the current development zone (ZDA) and the zone of proximal development (ZPD), with correct mediation between those involved.

The objective of this research was to analyze the active methodologies for the construction of knowledge with the use of ICT in undergraduate students, for which it was carried out under a quantitative approach, in which a simple random sample of 266 students was determined. undergraduates, to which a measurement instrument that has a reliability of 0.870 Cronbach's Alpha was applied.

The main results obtained are that 100% of the students use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), who have a preference for the use of an active simulation methodology, which they like to apply in component subjects. professional and the main application he uses is Kahoot.

Keywords: Sociocultural paradigm; active methodologies; knowledge construction; TIC.

The integration of arts education in high schools plays a transformative role in fostering creativity, emotional expression, and collaboration among students. Historically undervalued in traditional education systems, the arts are now increasingly recognized for their potential to stimulate multidimensional learning and personal growth. This paper explores how incorporating artistic activities into the high school curriculum can catalyze cognitive development through creative thinking and problem-solving, provide an outlet for emotional self-regulation and expression, and cultivate interpersonal skills through collaborative projects. It highlights research demonstrating the positive impacts of arts integration, such as increased student engagement, empathy, and academic performance. Examples from innovative programs and initiatives illustrate the diverse ways art can be leveraged as a powerful educational too!. Toe paper argues for embracing an interdisciplinary approach that recognizes the transformative capacity of art to cultivate well-rounded, resilient, and socially conscious individuals prepared for the challenges of the 21st century. Ultimately, integrating arts into high school curricula represents a paradigm shift towards a more holistic, student-centered model of education.

Keywords: Transformation, creativity, emotional expression, collaboration, interdisciplinarity.

Social networks have become an omnipresent element in the lives of adolescents, who use them not only to communicate, but also to build their identity and access information. This research focuses on evaluating the impact of these digital platforms on the psychological well-being of adolescents. The objective is to analyze how interaction with these platforms affects key aspects of mental health, including anxiety, depression, and self-esteem.

In addition, the study seeks to identify specific dynamics that lead to negative effects, such as cyberbullying and social comparison. A narrative review was conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of existing research, based on studies found in various academic databases.

The findings highlight the need to understand how social media use affects youth mental health and emphasize the importance of developing strategies that promote healthy use of these platforms to support adolescents’ emotional and social development.

Keywords: social networks; adolescents; psychological well-being

This article aims to reconstruct the strategies close to the time of the events of the Lasallian Family Seminar-Workshop in Conocoto in 1989 that were implemented in order to develop and strengthen the Lasallian association in the districts of the RELAL, emphasizing in its triple purpose: formative, apostolic and government.

For this, a documentary investigation was carried out in which a corpus of sources was used, among which the Bulletin of the Lasallian Latin American Region stands out, which was consulted in the Library of the Interdistrict Novitiate of Our Lady of Lourdes, in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco (Mexico). Thus, as a result of the research work, the historical journey is presented that goes from the first associations of alumni of the De La Salle Brothers in France, to the creation of the concept of the Lasallian Family and the publication of the Letter to the Lasallian Family. In addition, the actors and recipients of these actions, the participating Lasallian institutions, the reflections made to achieve the objectives and the background are identified.

Keywords: Brothers of the Christian Schools; Lasallian Association; Teaching Congregations.

This paper presents a novel multistep approach with a new criterion to enhance the convergence interval of the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The objective of this research was to apply the multi-step ADM to obtain an analytical solution for a mathematical model of the SEIR COVID-19 outbreak that includes partially and fully vaccinated individuals. The accuracy and efficiency of this method are demonstrated through a comparison with existing literature. Moreover, this analytical-numerical approach was employed to generate and analyze vaccination strategy scenarios under various conditions and model parameters.

Keywords: SEIR COVID-19 mathematical model, the Adomian decomposition method, multi-step methodology, simulation, vaccinated population.

El estudio entre el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios y su rendimiento académico en el siglo XXI es importante para mejorar los métodos de enseñanza y promover la inclusión educativa. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la información entre el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios y su rendimiento académico, centrándose en identificar patrones y tendencias a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura existente. Se empleó una metodología de revisión sistemática, realizando una búsqueda en bases de datos académicas (SCOPUS) utilizando términos clave relacionados con el tema. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar estudios relevantes, trabajando con 2.050 artículos del año 2019 al 2024 y se extrajeron datos sobre el estilo de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.

Los resultados obtenidos revelaron una correlación significativa entre ciertos estilos de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios del siglo XXI. En particular, se observó que los estudiantes con preferencia por el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo mostraron un rendimiento académico más alto en comparación con aquellos con preferencia por el estilo activo. Estos hallazgos tienen importantes implicaciones para la práctica educativa, ya que sugieren que adaptar los métodos de enseñanza y los recursos didácticos según los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios para el éxito académico.

Palabras clave: estilos de aprendizaje; rendimiento académico; estudiantes universitarios; métodos de enseñanza.

In the work environment, motivation plays a fundamental role in performance and satisfaction of workers. This research focuses on analyzing motivation and its close

relationship with work culture in Mexico. Through a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews, we seek to understand in detail the factors that influence the motivation of Mexican workers and their perception of the work culture in their organizations. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants with different work profiles.

The data were analyzed qualitatively to identify the main drivers and barriers to

motivation in the Mexican work context. It was found that the work environment is the main motivator for Mexican workers, followed by money. However, long working hours and unsatisfactory salary were identified as demotivating factors. In addition, arrogance and “being a barber” were found to contribute to job success, while conformism and difficulty in getting promoted hindered success. These findings highlight the importance of improving working conditions and promoting more inclusive leadership in Mexican companies. Improving work culture can increase worker satisfaction and motivation, which in turn can lead to higher organizational performance.

Keywords: Work motivation; Organizational culture; Mexican workers; Work environment; Authoritarian leadership

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the world rise. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening chronic degenerative disease if not appropriately controlled; risk factors and ineffective diagnosis continue to increase its prevalence. This study proposes an intelligent fuzzy system to make a diagnosis and predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, The system consists of two models; the R-T2DM model estimates if a person is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The D-T2DM model is based on two systems: the symptomatology system estimates the level of symptoms the patient has, symptomatology system estimates the level of symptoms the patient has, and the diagnosis system diagnoses type 2 diabetes mellitus. The result of this research were compared whit those estimated by the team of doctors, and it was observed that the R-T2DM model obtained a success rate of 90.3%. The D-T2DM model got a success rate of 88.3% for the symptomatology system and 95.5% for the diagnosis system. The model developed in this study is focused on being applied in economically marginalized geographic areas of Mexico to improve the patient´s quality of life.

Keywords: Diagnosis, Fuzzy expert system, Response surface methodology, Risk, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Integrated agricultural water management (IAWM) encompasses multiple factors, necessitating the evaluation of performance across programs and involved entities and local consideration in different regions. This study analyzes the relation of allocation budgets and government agency programs in relation to the average annual availability of groundwater in Guanajuato State. Documentary investigation was conducted on public programs, aquifer availability, and agricultural land types over the period from 2017 to 2023. In the last six years, the amounts allocated to government programs from subsidies and donations have increased by 40%, leading to enhanced agricultural productivity in the state. Considering the agricultural types (rain-fed, irrigated, and protected) as separate variables, simple linear regression explains 97.8% of variability in the DMA, indicating a decrease of 78.2 million m³ and an increase in irrigated agriculture. The estimator for the budget allocated to public programs is −2.21 × 10⁻⁷, indicating that even if the resources allocated to government programs related to the use and exploitation of water in the agricultural sector increase, the DMA will continue to decrease. Regarding the agriculture area type, the estimator has a value of −0.00237, indicating that each rain-fed or irrigated agriculture unit established would result in an approximate reduction of 2370 m³ of water in the DMA. Taking this into account, it is imperative to formulate strategies that consider intersectoral links, with a focus on prioritizing essential actions in rain-fed areas for water capture and/or irrigated agricultural areas for food production, which comprise 52% of the total land dedicated to the agricultural sector, and specifically targeting actions that promote groundwater management.

Keywords: water resource allocation; water budgetary programs; groundwater management availability

In the work environment, motivation plays a fundamental role in the performance and satisfaction of workers. This research focuses on analyzing motivation and its close relationship with work culture in Mexico. Through a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, we seek to understand in detail the factors that influence the motivation of Mexican workers and their perception of the work culture in their organizations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants with different work profiles. The data were analyzed qualitatively to identify the main drivers and barriers to motivation in the Mexican work context. It was found that the work environment is the main motivator for Mexican workers, followed by money. However, long working hours and unsatisfactory salary were identified as demotivating factors. In addition, arrogance and “being a barber” were found to contribute to job success, while conformism and difficulty in getting promoted hindered success. These findings highlight the importance of improving working conditions and promoting more inclusive leadership in Mexican companies. Improving work culture can increase work satisfaction and motivation, which, in turn, can lead to higher organizational performance.

Keywords: Work motivation; Organizational culture; Mexican workers; Work environment; Authoritarian leadership.

The objective of this study was to analyze the integration of artificial intelligence in forensic accounting, as well as to identify tools and their effectiveness in detecting fraud, for which the following methodology has been used: qualitative approach, documentary design, analytical method, in which the population was made up of documentary sources selected from the application of certain selection and search criteria defined by the author. In addition, the registration and the bibliographic record have been used as a technique and data collection instrument respectively.

The main results indicate that the integration of artificial intelligence in accounting is widely recognized for its transformative capacity and benefits, although the benefits of AI are recognized, concerns about interpretability and privacy vary depending on the context and application, likewise, they agree on the superiority of AL over traditional methods. It is concluded that the effectiveness of artificial intelligence tools implemented in fraud detection has been determined, revealing that these technologies significantly surpass traditional methods in terms of precision and analysis capacity.

Studies highlight that AI, through techniques such as deep learning and real-time analysis, offers advanced solutions to detect fraud and manage risks effectively. Despite the need to adapt these tools according to the economic context, their ability to identify anomalies and improve fraud detection is widely recognized.

Keywords: forensic accounting, detection, effectiveness, artificial intelligence, fraud.

In recent decades, the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in language teaching has substantially revolutionized pedagogical approaches and academic results. This systematic review examined the implementation of ICT as a key tool for the development of language competencies in various educational settings. Studies highlighted the effectiveness of digital tools in the acquisition of language skills, as well as the challenges inherent to their application, such as the digital divide and the need for specialized teacher training. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review on the integration of ICT in language teaching, with the purpose of critically evaluating the methods applied and the results achieved in various educational contexts. This review aimed to identify the most effective practices and innovative approaches in the implementation of ICT.

It has been shown that ICT has significantly transformed the educational process, facilitating management, storage and transmission of information. The incorporation of technological tools such as computers, tablets and digital platforms has modernized teaching, allowing more efficient and faster access to educational resources. It has been shown that ICT has significantly transformed the educational process, facilitating the management and transmission of information. The incorporation of technological tools and digital platforms has modernized teaching, allowing more efficient and faster access to educational resources.

Keywords: information and communication technologies (ICT); language teaching; digital education.

Esta investigación aborda el impacto causado por el uso de materiales educativos dentro de la asignatura de cálculo, en los procesos cognitivos de los estudiantes de educación media en la Institución Educativa Nuestra Señora del Carmen. La investigación se centra en la temática de desigualdades e intervalos matemáticos, la relación de los jóvenes con su contexto, lenguaje cotidiano y formal, educación y los objetos matemáticos, de igual forma, los conocimientos previos que poseen los estudiantes dentro de las áreas de matemáticas y física.

El trabajo es de orden cualitativo y se orientó desde la investigación acción para hacer una crítica constante a las dinámicas de enseñanza aprendizaje dentro y fuera del aula, evaluando diferentes dimensiones matemáticas sugeridas por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia, desde las limitaciones socioculturales, económicas y tecnológicas de la zona. El objetivo general fue diseñar una guía de aprendizaje para mejorar el rendimiento académico en la asignatura de cálculo en el sector rural de la Institución Educativa, analizándolo desde el punto de vista de las calificaciones obtenidas en clase y de los resultados en pruebas de estado. Esta construcción se realizó en un trabajo mancomunado de docente y estudiantes para permitir un uso claro y formal del lenguaje matemático, pero sencillo y práctico desde el punto de vista de los jóvenes.

Permitiendo atacar la brecha de la educación rural, generada entre otras situaciones, por la falta de acceso a materiales que complementen las dinámicas de clase, el rezago tecnológico por el tipo de geografía de nuestro país y las diferencias entre los lenguajes usados por los pocos materiales educativos con los que se cuentan y el dialecto de la región. De esta manera, la recolección de la información sobre la población de aproximadamente 240 estudiantes se realizó por medio de tres instrumentos que permitieron evaluar el impacto de la guía de aprendizaje:

Ficha de análisis documental: se tomaron en cuenta los resultados académicos medidos internamente por exámenes y libros de notas, y externamente con los exámenes de estado. Encuesta: sobre apreciaciones pedagógicas (docente), educativas (relación tópicos académicos y uso en la cotidianidad) y matemáticas (conocimiento y uso del lenguaje).Diario reflexivo y de observación: donde se registraron los pormenores de la aplicación de la guía.

Todo lo anterior permitió evidenciar la importancia del uso del lenguaje formal e informal, las vivencias diarias de los jóvenes y la mediación del docente, en la construcción de materiales educativos dentro de los contextos rurales. Se resalta que no siempre un texto bien construido científicamente afecta positivamente los procesos educativos si carece de impacto en la motivación; por ello, se destaca la motivación generada en los estudiantes al hacerles partícipes en la construcción de la guía.

Palabras clave: Educación rural, aprendizaje significativo, constructivismo, inecuaciones e intervalos, material de apoyo, investigación acción.

The article investigates insolvency in manufacturing companies, highlighting the lack of clarity regarding the financial indicators that predict this risk. The objective is to identify and analyze key financial indicators that can predict insolvency in these companies by comparing financial data from various entities in the sector. The methodology combines extensive searches in databases such as Scopus and the use of Bibliometrix software in R for bibliometric analysis, limiting the study range to 2020-2024 and focusing on relevant and current articles.

The results revealed that the debt-equity ratio (DT), the debt-enterprise value ratio (D/E), and the debt-cash flow ratio (D/FC) are key indicators for predicting insolvency. High values in these indicators suggest a greater risk of insolvency due to high debt dependence and difficulties in generating sufficient cash flow.

In conclusion, these financial indicators are essential for assessing and managing the risk of insolvency in manufacturing companies. Monitoring and managing these indicators can help take preventive measures, improving operational efficiency and long-term financial sustainability through strategies such as debt restructuring and income diversification.

Keywords: insolvency; manufacturing companies; financial indicators; risk; financial sustainability.

The present study seeks to examine the influence of artificial intelligence virtual assistants on the academic performance of university students. Using the SCOPUS database for the identification of relevant scientific articles, a specific search algorithm converging several studies on this topic was employed. The methodology consisted of the selection of certain types of documents and a temporal criterion, which included articles in Spanish and English to ensure a global and representative view of research in this area. Through detailed analysis, the effectiveness of virtual assistants in improving academic performance and student satisfaction was evaluated. The findings suggest that these aids have considerable potential to optimize academic performance, providing benefits such as personalized learning and continuous assistance. However, technical ethical hurdles were also recognized, requiring proper management to ensure efficient and fair use of artificial intelligence in higher education. The conclusion underscores the importance of understanding the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of these technologies and stresses the need for a balanced approach that maximizes the advantages and alleviates the potential drawbacks.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, higher education, educative technology, innovation, virtual assistants.

The study between the learning style of the college students and their academic performance in the 21st century is important to improve teaching methods and promote educational inclusion. The aim of this study is to review the information between the learning style of the college students and their academic performance, focusing on identifying patterns and trends from a systematic review of the existing literature. A systematic review methodology was employed, performing searches in academic databases (SCOPUS) using key terms related to the topic. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant studies, working whit 2,050 articles from 2019 to 2024 and data on learning style and students´ academic performance were extracted. The result obtained revealed a significant correlation between certain learning styles and academic performance in the 21st century. The results obtained revealed a significant correlation between certain learning styles and academic performance in the 21st century. In particular, it was observed that students with a preference for the reflective learning style showed higher academic performance compared to those with a preference for the active style. These findings have important implications for educational practice, as they suggest that adapting teaching methods and didactic resources according to the learning styles of college students for academic success.

Keywords: learning styles; academic performance; university students; teaching methods.

Analyzing, manipulating, and comprehending data from multiple sources (e.g., websites, software applications, files, or databases) and of diverse modalities (e.g., video, images, audio and text) has become increasingly important in many domains. Despite recent advances in multimodal classification (MC), there are still several challenges to be addressed, such as: the combination of modalities of very diverse nature, the optimal feature engineering for each modality, as well as the semantic alignment between text and images. Accordingly, the main motivation of our research resides in designing a neural architecture that effectively processes and combines text, image, video and audio modalities, so it can offer a noteworthy performance in different MC tasks.

In this regard, the Multimodal Transformer (MulT) model is a cutting-edge approach for deep learning in multimodal supervised tasks, which, although effective, has the problem of having a fixed architecture that limits its performance in specific tasks as well as its contextual understanding, meaning it may struggle to capture fine-grained temporal patterns in audio or effectively model spatial relationships in images. To address these issues, our research modifies and extends the MulT model in several aspects. Firstly, we focus on leveraging the Gated Multimodal Unit (GMU) module within the architecture to efficiently and dynamically weigh modalities at the instance level and to visualize the use of modalities. Secondly, to overcome the problem of vanishing and exploding gradients we focus on strategically placing residual connections in the architecture.

The proposed architecture is evaluated on two different and complex classification tasks, on the one hand, the movie genre categorization (MGC) and, on the other hand, the multimodal emotion recognition (MER). The results obtained are encouraging as they indicate that the proposed architecture is competitive against state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in MGC, outperforming them by up to 2% on the Moviescope dataset, and by 1% on the MM-IMDb datasets. Furthermore, in the MER task the multimodal recognition model even outperforms them, which is considerably more difficult; we improve the accuracy SOTA results by up to 1% on the IEMOCAP dataset and attained a competitive outcome on the CMU-MOSEI collection, outperforming SOTA results in several emotions.

KEYWORDS: Fusion neural architectures, Multimodal classification, Transformers, Movie genre classification, Emotion recognition, Multimodal Transformer, BERT, GMU, Multimodal fusion

The attitude of authorities, teachers and students at basic and higher levels can have favorable repercussions regarding inclusive education in schools and universities, and although significant progress has been shown, there is room for further improvement. Addressing this issue from the perspective of everyday actors can be revealing. The objective of this study is to sensitize the reader regarding the importance of promoting inclusive education both in schools and at university, from the experiences of the actors involved. The study method was narrative review, considering articles from the Scielo database. Among the most relevant reflections was the importance and repercussions in the future, when adequate inclusive education is carried out in school, considering the self-concept and sense of belonging of the student with disabilities. As a second reflection, the student with disabilities, after a long-term job, can achieve a certain independence and autonomy that allows them to get a job and achieve a decent lifestyle. Along the same lines, the support of family, people close to you, as well as the consideration of a long-term job, can be decisive for achieving objectives.

Keywords: inclusive education; teachers; students with disabilities; inclusive designs; independence.

La cuenca Lerma-Chapala pertenece a la Región Hidrológica Administrativa Lerma-Santiago-Pacífico (RHA). Dicha cuenca está formada por cinco estados (Estado de México, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Querétaro y Michoacán). El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la producción agrícola de riego en dicha cuenca durante 20 años consecutivos (2000-2020) para entender el comportamiento de la productividad de riego de maíz, trigo y frijol. Guanajuato figura como el mayor productor de dichos granos.

En los últimos años la producción de frijol descendió drásticamente, siendo un grano básico en la dieta de la población mexicana. Por lo cual, se debe considerar realizar sinergias con las autoridades y los agricultores, con la finalidad de fortalecer el manejo integral y sustentable del recurso hídrico y producción agrícola para asegurar la producción de granos básicos para la población mexicana en la parte centro de México.

Palabras clave: cuenca, RHA; producción agrícola, riego.

A sensitive extractive-spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of diclofenac. To obtain the optimal extractive-spectrophotometric response for diclofenac, two statistical models were applied: the Box-Behnken experimental design model and the response surface plot. Good agreement with Beer’s law was found within the diclofenac concentration range of 0.2-2.0 µg/ml, with a detection limit of 0.02 µg/ml. The method was successfully applied to the determination of diclofenac in various pharmaceutical formulations, yielding satisfactory results.

Keywords: Diclofenac, extractive-spectrophotometric, Voltaren, experimental design.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and enhance the innovation process within the potable water and sewerage system of Gua

najuato City, focusing on improving efficiency and sustainability. The research identifies key operational challenges and explores solutions

to foster a water-conscious culture and optimize resource consumption. Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-method research approach was employed, integrating both documentary and field research. The study utilized qualitative tools such as the CANVAS model, empathy mapping, and SWOT analysis to diagnose organizational challenges. Open innovation workshops were conducted with various stakeholders, including municipal authorities, civil society, and experts, leading to

the generation of over 300 ideas to address water sustainability concerns. The study followed

a three-phase methodology: contextualization-research-comprehension, definition-idea generation, and development-materiali

zation. Findings: The research identified two critical challenges: the need for a strong water culture and improved consumption efficiency.

The participatory approach facilitated the generation of innovative solutions, resulting in the development of awareness campaigns and strategic projects. A key initiative,“Awareness for the Care and Better Use of Water,” successfully engaged municipal employees and policymakers in sustainable water practices, demonstrating a positive shift in attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion: The study highlights that sustainable water management requires more than infrastructure improvements it demands behavioral change and community involvement. The findings emphasize that innovation-driven solutions, when supported by citizen engagement and institutional

commitment, can significantly enhance water conservation efforts. Practical Implications: The research provides a replicable model for municipalities and policymakers to integrate innovation into water management strategies. By fostering a culture of responsible water use and implementing structured awareness campaigns, similar approaches can be adopted in other regions facing water sustainability challenges. The study underscores the importance of collaboration between public institutions, civil society, and experts in shaping effective water management policies.

Keywords: innovation process, water culture, challenge identification, idea generation

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of indigo is presented. This method is based on the formation of the N,N’-diacetyl derivative of indigo, which allows for a more stable and soluble product suitable for analysis. The method follows Beer’s law in the concentration range of 1–20 µg mL⁻¹ at a maximum absorption of 614 nm. The developed technique has been successfully applied to the quantification of indigo in natural samples, demonstrating high sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy. Compared to traditional methods such as HPLC and UV-Vis, this approach offers a more straightforward and cost-effective alternative while maintaining high analytical performance. Additionally, the proposed method avoids issues related to the low solubility of indigo in various solvents, providing a more efficient derivatization process that enhances measurement accuracy. A comparative study with existing methodologies highlights the advantages of the N,N›-diacetyl derivative approach, particularly in terms of sample preparation, stability, and signal reliability. The results obtained confirm that this method can be reliably used for routine analysis of indigo in different natural matrices. Furthermore, statistical validation of the method ensures its applicability in industrial and research settings.

Keywords: Indigo, spectrophotometric analysis, natural dyes, analytical chemistry.

This work presents a proposal that seeks to integrate technical and engineering activities with logistical and organizational management activities to work with agave industry residues and generate products that have a social benefit impact on communities such as the COMCAAC nation, which has energy poverty because it does not have access to economic fuels due to its geographic location, which makes the sale of gas or other fuels high cost. This project presents the study of the technical activities to transform agave residues into biomass or biofuel, with low-cost processes, and proposes an organizational and logistic model so that this community can be self-sufficient in fuels in a way that contributes to mitigating energy poverty, as well as food security, offering an alternative solution to cook their food and other needs. The characterization of different agave varieties is presented, contemplating their growth properties in land such as the coast of Sonora and other properties that help to decide on the best variety for the use of the proposed applications. The proposal uses a circular economy concept, with sustainable processes of elaborating the products so that the costs are viable.

Objectives: The study aims to analyze the evolution of innovation practices in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Guanajuato, Mexico, over a decade. It seeks to understand what business leaders know about innovation, the steps they are taking to foster it, and what is required to integrate a culture of innovation to enhance competitiveness.

Theoretical Framework: The framework centers on organizational and innovation culture. Organizational culture influences how companies adopt and promote innovation, while an innovation culture encourages creativity and improvement in products, services, or processes. The study highlights that despite the regional economic need for innovation, cultural barriers like resistance to change limit innovation in many SMEs.

Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, longitudinal comparative study was conducted, collecting data from 157 companies in Guanajuato in 2022 and comparing it with data from 2012. This approach involved a survey of innovation knowledge, practices, and needs across various sectors, using a questionnaire modified from a prior study.

Results and Discussion: The results reveal an increase in the awareness and strategic incorporation of innovation in SMEs. While companies now view innovation as essential for competitiveness, many still lack a cohesive strategy and resources for sustained innovation. There is an improved understanding of customer-focused innovation, yet formalized knowledge management and technology tracking are still limited.

Research Implications: The findings imply a need for policies that support knowledge and resource accessibility for innovation. Collaboration with academic institutions and government incentives could address resource shortages and support the development of a robust innovation culture among SMEs.

Originality/Value: This study is valuable as it provides an evolutionary analysis of innovation practices within a decade, offering insights into the changing dynamics of SMEs in Guanajuato. It underscores the importance of innovation culture for competitiveness, especially in regions with significant economic dependence on SMEs.

This literature review article analyzes the main problems and challenges currently faced by education, with a particular focus on Latin America. Through a systematic review of Latin American scientific sources, various structural issues are identified, such as social inequality, the digital divide, poor educational quality, limited teacher training, and weak governance in public education policies. The consequences of these conditions are evident in limited access, school dropout, and poor academic achievement, especially in rural and vulnerable contexts. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated many of these disparities, revealing the lack of preparedness in educational systems to handle large-scale crises. The article also discusses potential solutions, including inclusive policies, continuous teacher training, pedagogical innovation, improved digital infrastructure, and democratic participation in educational decision-making. The review concludes that transforming the education system requires a multisectoral and sustained approach that addresses the multiple dimensions of equity, quality, and social justice.

Keywords: education, inequality, digital divide, educational quality, Latin America.

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education, focusing on student and faculty perceptions of its use in learning and assessment. The growing adoption of AI in this area presents opportunities to personalize teaching and improve objectivity in assessments, but also raises concerns about pedagogical adaptation, privacy and ethics. The aim is to explore how students and teachers perceive these benefits and challenges, providing a deep understanding of their potential and limitations in the education sector. The methodology included a systematic review of 285 articles in the Scopus database, accompanied by a bibliometric analysis using RStudio and Bibliometrix, to map the most influential research and the evolution of the topic. The findings reveal that AI makes it possible to personalize teaching, optimize resources and improve accuracy in assessments by analyzing large volumes of data in real time. However, it raises ethical and regulatory challenges, such as overreliance on technology and concerns about the +I37privacy of student data, highlighting the need for a balance that maximizes the benefits of AI without replacing human judgment. In conclusion, the study suggests that an ethical and careful integration of AI has the potential to improve the educational experience, always respecting the privacy and autonomy of students.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; personalization; assessment; ethics; perceptions.

The objective of this research was to develop effective strategies to use the immediate environment as a facilitator of the significant learning of Physics in the second grade of the secondary school number 174 "Amado Nervo". To this end, the learning strategies used when addressing the contents of Physics, the real application of Physics in everyday life, the identification of factors that motivate the emergence of significant learning referents were considered to Physics, as well as the interpretation of why the disinterest and little effort arises in the students during school work. That is why, below, some points of view are broken down and shared fr

In the realm of higher education, advanced statistical methods have emerged as essential tools for research, significantly enhancing the capacity to generate precise and relevant knowledge. Techniques such as cluster analysis, multivariate regression, and data mining facilitate a comprehensive interpretation of data and the analysis of complex patterns, leading to substantial discoveries across various disciplines.

The growth of big data and technological advancements have intensified the relevance of advanced statistics, empowering researchers to apply these methodologies across multiple fields and obtain evidence-based insights that enrich academic knowle

The growing pressure for quick results in university research can compromise fundamental ethical principles, such as non-maleficence and justice. Questionable practices, such as plagiarism and data manipulation, undermine the integrity of academic studies. This context requires a thorough examination of how ethical values are incorporated into research processes and the influence of institutional culture and external expectations on this practice. The lack of a unified approach to teaching ethics across various institutions and disciplines complicates the establishment of universal standards, allowing for varied interpretations of ethical codes and a permissive at

The use of ICT among adolescents has generated negative implications, since these tools, in addition to allowing communication, are used to practice various attacks, which is evidenced by the reform of laws and codes to establish sanctions for these events. Hence, the objective of this study was to analyze the criminal aspects related to cyberbullying in students of Higher Secondary Education (EMS) in Guanajuato and Aguascalientes, considering the legal implications when they commit this type of acts today. This work was approached from a quantitative approach, whose technique for collecting data was the survey, based on a questionnaire that generated reliabilit

Throughout history, educational psychology underwent a significant evolution, giving rise to various paradigms that influenced teaching and learning. The cognitive paradigm emphasized information processing and meaningful learning, highlighting the role of memory and the organization of knowledge. Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner and David Ausubel proposed models that emphasized the importance of mental structures and prior knowledge in the assimilation of new information. On the other hand, Piaget’s psychogenetics approached the development of thought through evolutionary stages, emphasizing the interaction between the subject and his environment. Subsequently, Vygo

The study analyzed the regulatory framework of the educational system in Mexico and its impact on the quality of teaching and learning. It examined the Political Constitution, the General Education Law and various government programs that have established legal bases to guarantee educational equity and inclusion. It was identified that the regulations have contributed to the continuous improvement of the educational system, although challenges persist in terms of quality, teacher training and technological adaptation. The role of the New Mexican School and the National System for Continuous Improvement of Education in the implementation of strategies to strengthen

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been revolutionized in recent decades, bringing the change in the way as man communicates and interacts. Before it was decided to include Information Technology and Communication (ICT) in educational institutions, which are aimed to support the teaching- learning process in which it was observed that the subject is passive environment managed computer only to copy the information found therein. This study was conducted at two institutions of inclusive secondary education for 117 students at the College Paulo Freire and Pascal A.C. College, which are located in the city of Aguascalientes state capital. the

In recent years there has been an increase in the use of various technologies in the educational field, with this Artificial Generative Intelligence (IAG) has also been integrated, for the development of various activities that have an impact on the meaningful learning of students. of Higher Secondary Education. The objective of this research was to analyze the implementation of the IAG tools that promote meaningful learning in EMS students, for which we worked under a quantitative approach using a self-administered online questionnaire that was validated by experts, applied to 134 EMS students, the main results show that 79% of the students have knowledge of what the IAG is, that they use the following three tools on a daily basis, which are ChatGPT, Coursera, Grammarly as the main ones; which are implemented to search for information, do tasks and make academic presentations. Given this, it can be concluded that the implementation of IAG tools contributes to the consolidation of meaningful learning in EMS students, who substantively and with an expert mediator generate new permanent and lasting learning to be able to apply them in today's society.

Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, meaningful learning, artificial intelligence tools

In recent decades there have been changes with the use of Information and Communication Technologies in various areas, being the education sector one of which has had changes in the way the student obtains and processes information through these tools for learning, derived from this current situation, this research was conducted which aimed to analyze the challenges of integrating ICT in

undergraduate students. The approach used was quantitative, with a descriptive scope for which we worked with a sample of 65 undergraduate students from the states of Guanajuato and Aguascalientes. The main results showed the following: 47.75% of the students consider that ICTs are an important element for their academic training, 40.65% consider that they almost always help them to improve their academic results, 50.8% see them as a support to complement their scientific and formative knowledge. In their learning, 30.8% solve one problem at a time, 44.6% always receive information quickly with ICT and 46.2% commonly work with more than one activity. However, they do have challenges due to lack of connectivity, restriction in the use of these tools, only used to obtain information and limited use of office tools.

Keywords: ICT, knowledge, socio-cultural paradigm

The Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms (MASC) are a tool in which the main parties involved with the support of a third party manage to build agreements regarding the problems raised. From this, the present investigation is carried out, which aims to propose the integration of the MASC as a guiding axis of the school regulations in the EMS institutions, with the purpose that when a situation arises within the educational facilities, the main people involved with the support of directors, teachers, prefecture, work social, manage to build agreements through a principle of restorative justice. The work consisted of a documentary review of the current regulations, as well as studies, research indexed in various databases such as Latindex, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar which had a relationship with the topic such as school regulations, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, mediation and conciliation. In the study it can be concluded that the MASC offer an area of opportunity to be implemented in the school regulations so that they can build agreements and thereby avoid issuing a sanction that violates the human rights of adolescents, it is noted that the The personnel involved must have primary and permanent training to be able to deal with any situation that may arise.

Keywords: School regulations; alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; mediation; conciliation

This project focuses on the technological development of a prototype based on AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), a novel braille reading system, which seeks to promote reading in braille for people with visual disabilities. Today, there is little concern about solving this problem in society. There are some devices on the market to address this need, however, prices are not very accessible for users. For this reason, an instrument was designed with the capacity to translate digital documents written in Spanish into Braille for reading, providing autonomy and social inclusion to people with visual disabilities. This project has a comfortable and practical element for those who need it. The physical implementation of the system meets quality standards in the mechanical design of the casing and the electronic instrumentation of the device.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Electronic Devices, Internet of Things, Reading, Braille, Visual Disability.

Research on lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the growing demand for electric vehicles to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Despite advances, batteries still face significant challenges in efficiency, lifetime, safety, and material optimization. In this context, the objective of this research is to develop a predictive model based on Deep Learning techniques. Based on Deep Learning techniques that combine Transformer and Physics-Informed approaches for the optimization and design of electrochemical parameters that improve the performance of lithium batteries. Also, we present a training database consisting of three key components: numerical simulation using the Doyle–Fuller–Newman (DFN) mathematical model, experimentation with a lithium half-cell configured with a zinc oxide anode, and a set of commercial battery discharge curves using electronic monitoring. The results show that the developed Transformer–Physics informed model can effectively integrate deep learning and DFN to make predictions of the electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion batteries. The model can estimate the battery charge capacity with an average error of 2.5% concerning the experimental data. In addition, it was observed that the Transformer could explore new electrochemical parameters that allow the evaluation of the behavior of batteries without requiring invasive analysis of their internal structure. This suggests that the Transformer model can assess and optimize lithium-ion battery performance in various applications, which could significantly impact the battery industry and its use in Electric Vehicles (EVs).

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; deep learning; transformers; electrochemistry; prediction; energy efficiency; electric vehicles.

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) have been extensively studied in both scientific and social contexts. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant rise in their real-world applications, including neural networks, Blockchain, Internet of Things, autonomous navigation, computer vision, automation processes, and various other areas. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the interplay between software, hardware, and individuals. To guarantee secure and unaffected interactions within autonomous vehicle devices and networks, decentralized Blockchain technology is proposed. This study presents the introduction of a framework we named “DEMU-NAV” for an ecosystem that includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans, and robots. The framework makes use of a decentralized Blockchain, Smart Contract (SC), and Internet of Things (IoT) network. Our framework was implemented using Ethereum and Python, enabling us to oversee Blockchain, Smart-Contracts, and the IoT for the facilitation of autonomous vehicle navigation.

Keywords: Blockchain; Smart-Contract; autonomous navigation; self-driving.

This article investigated how users of a virtual learning environment consume and share information. That is, what information communication habits do users of a virtual learning environment have? The research focused on the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) platform of the Virtual University of the State of Guanajuato (UVEG). The methodology chosen was a qualitative approach with a descriptive and exploratory research design. A qualitative survey was used as a data collection instrument, the results of which were analyzed using Jensen's (2013) framework. Using this framework, a one-dimensional description was developed to define the term "communication habits." A multidimensional description was then developed to perform "top-down" coding that guided the final synthesis. The author identified the most relevant findings as: UVEG platform users have communication habits oriented toward consuming information primarily from official sources and secondarily from social media, but they show few information-sharing habits. A more interesting conclusion was found: platform users tend to have little contact with other users, which indicates a "network density" that limits the dispersion of information and reduces its effectiveness.

Keywords: habits, communication, information, sharing, consuming

Consider kn with componentwise multiplication. In this context, we compute the number of subalge bras of kn and provide a method to generate them. Keywords and phrases : sub´algebras, espacios vectoriales, n´umeros de Bell

In recent years, the Mexican southeast has benefited from the country's most important development plans and projects. These have favored an increase in hotel demand, which makes it imperative to improve management and productivity in this sector. Therefore, one element to consider is the organizational climate. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of the organizational climate in workers in the hotel sector in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The research had a quantitative approach with a non- experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive design. Data were collected with a questionnaire administered to 110 participants who responded voluntarily. The dimensions of the measurement scale were determined through an exploratory factor analysis; it validated the construct of organizational climate in three factors: remuneration, support and structure. These factors explain a total of 60.62% of the variance. To evaluate the internal structure of the scale, a confirmatory factor analysis was used that yielded satisfactory indices with respect to the goodness of fit of the model. The results indicate that more than half of the population perceives an unfavorable organizational climate; The highest percentage of disagreement was obtained by the structure dimension. It is concluded that this research provides a valid and reliable instrument for future research on the subject. It also provides data that allows measures to be taken to improve the organizational climate in the hotel sector.

Keywords: hotel sector, organizational climate, structure, support, remuneration.

Objective: To design and implement a B-Learning workshop aimed at enhancing digital competencies among teachers at the Escuela Superior de Enfermería y Obstetricia (ESEO) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), utilizing Moodle as the primary platform to integrate ICT into pedagogical practices.

Theoretical Framework: Grounded in constructivism, connectivism, and meaningful learning theories, the study highlights the role of active, networked, and context-based learning in professional development. The DIGCOMP framework guided the identification of critical areas for digital competency improvement.

Blood vessel segmentation in X-ray coronary angiography (XCA) plays a crucial role in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, enabling a precise assessment of arterial structures. However, segmentation is challenging due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, interfering background structures, and vessel bifurcations, which hinder the accuracy of deep learning models. Additionally, deep learning models for this task often require high computational resources, limiting their practical application in real-time clinical settings. This study proposes a lightweight variant of the U-Net architecture using a structured kernel pruning strategy inspired by the Lottery Ticket Hypothes

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century, motivated mainly by improving people's daily lives and by that endless curiosity characteristic of humanity, transforming and revolutionizing sectors as diverse as medicine, education, commerce, agriculture and industry among the main ones. Mexico is one of the markets with great global attraction in this topic. It has also begun to explore and implement various AI applications in multiple areas, recognizing its potential to promote economic and social development. This research article aims to analyze the evolution of AI and its application in Mexico,

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has established itself as a key resource in the evolution of higher education, facilitating the personalisation of learning and optimising educational processes. Tools such as virtual tutors and adaptive learning algorithms are transforming the role of teachers and classroom dynamics, promoting a student-centred educational model. The adoption of advanced technologies opens up new opportunities to improve educational quality and ensure more equitable access to knowledge. However, its integration poses challenges such as teacher training, the adaptation of academic programmes, and the evaluation of its impact on learning. Despite these

This paper presents a hybrid framework for dynamic incident prioritization in enterprise environments, combining fuzzy logic, natural language processing, and rein forcement learning. The proposed system models incident descriptions through semantic embeddings derived from advanced text analytics, which serve as state representations within a fuzzy Q-learning model. Severity and urgency are encoded as fuzzy variables, enabling the prioritization process to manage linguistic vagueness and operational an certainty. A mathematical formulation of the fuzzy Q-learning algorithm is developed, including fuzzy state definition, reward function design, and convergence anal

Active learning in mathematics is an educational methodology focused on the direct

participation and collaboration of students in the learning process. Through strategies such as small group work, guided discussions, and hands-on exercises, students have the opportunity to explore mathematical concepts, apply knowledge to real-world situations, and develop critical thinking skills. The main objectives of this scientific article are to evaluate the impact of various active learning methodologies, such as problem-based learning, projects and collaborative work, in promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills in mathematics. The research seeks to ana

En este trabajo teórico-conceptual, se asume el paradigma semiótico-discursivo para abordar, desde una perspectiva retórica, el diseño de materiales didácticos dirigidos a personas con discapacidad. Se argumenta que estos recursos emplean de manera persuasiva distintos canales sensoriales con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso, revisión y comprensión del contenido educativo. A partir de esta premisa, el trabajo plantea que los diseñadores pueden aprovechar los modos de apelación propuestos en la retórica clásica para desarrollar estrategias de implicación que persuadan a personas con discapacidad a iniciar y mantener la interacción con el medio did

The objective of this research is to make an analysis and a critical review of the syllabus of the subject Problems of Metaphysics and Ontology that is studied in the Bachelor’s Degree in Humanities at the University of Quintana Roo, in order to contribute to the improvement and updating of its syllabus and that this serves as a model for other institutions. This through an analysis and critical review of the study program by comparing it with those of seven other public universities in Mexico, through four variables: 1. Content of the units that make up the syllabus of the subject (with the sub-variables: 1.1 Form and 1.2 Background), 2. Period (in which the s

The main objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not Mexico is a democratic country, and if it has been democratic since when it has been so.The importance of whether a country is democratic or not lies in the fact that its scarcity (little democracy) or poor quality directly influences the living conditions of citizens (López, 2010: 1), so it is important to determine if a country is democratic or not, and if so, how democraticit is; Only through the analysis of the quality of democracy - or democraticity - can we establish the degree of democracy obtained. The methodology used is self developed and is partially based on the following: the f

This article demonstrates that the Brothers of the Christian Schools introduced specialized Catholic Action through the model of the Catholic Student Youth (YCS) to their Mexican schools, and reconstructs the first moments of this movement in the Lasallian District of North Mexico, between 1961 -1966. To do this, use is made of the magazines La Salle en México and La Salle en México Norte, from the library of the Nuestra Señora de Lourdes Interdistrict Novitiate in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. Thus, a description is offered of the way in which the jecist groups and their guidelines were organized. Subsequently, the beginnings of specialized Lasallian Catholic Act